A group of substances that can undergo a cascade of reactions in certain conditions, leading to the coagulation of blood. Also known as clotting factors.

A combination of laboratory tests designed to assess the blood clotting quality of blood.

A narcotic drug extracted from coca leaves.

Pain in the coccyx (tailbone).

Spiral shaped organ situated in the labyrinth of the inner ear.

A condition in which the lining of the small intestine becomes damaged by oversensitivity to gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye and other cereals.

A series of screening blood tests to help to diagnose Coeliac disease.

The destruction of abnormal cells in the cervix of the uterus (womb) with a hot probe - 'cold' in the name is misleading.

A spot or blister around the mouth and nose area caused by infection with the herpes simplex virus

The surgical removal of the colon.

A severe spasmodic pain that occurs in waves of increasing intensity.

Severe spasmodic pain occurring in waves

Inflammation of the colon, also sometimes used to mean inflammation of the large intestine generally.

The large intestine.

Examination of the colon and rectum with a colonoscope, an imaging instrument that is inserted through the anus.

Surgery that involves bringing part of the large intestine through the abdominal wall, through an opening called a stoma. Faeces are collected by a bag worn over the hole.

A binocular microscope with an attached light source, used to examine the cervix of the uterus.

Close examination of the cervix of the uterus using a magnifying instrument with attached light source, known as a colposcope.

Practices that may complement conventional medicine.

A condition that is linked to, or is a consequence of, another disease or procedure.

The fertilisation of an ovum by a sperm cell: the start of pregnancy.

A temporary brain injury, due to head trauma.

The transmission of, for example, electricity, heat or sound.

Deafness caused by the faulty conduction of sound from the outer to the inner ear.