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Christmas disease

A form of haemophilia.

chromosome

Structures in the cell nucleus that carry genetic information.

chronic

A disease of long duration generally involving slow changes.

chronic daily headache

Very frequent headaches, often without any apparent underlying cause, possibly due to a heightened response to pain signals.

chronic fatigue syndrome

A condition causing extreme fatigue over a prolonged period, sometimes years.

chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

A type of leukaemia resulting in high levels of mature but abnormal cells called lymphocytes in the bloodstream.

chronic myeloid leukaemia

A type of leukaemia that affects all the blood cells except the lymphocytes and progresses relatively slowly if left untreated.

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Emphysema and bronchitis; often associated with smoking and air pollution. Abbreviated to COPD.

ciliary body

A structure in the eye containing muscles that alter the shape of the lens to adjust focus.

CIN

An abbreviation for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, abnormal changes in the cervix of the uterus that may resolve spontaneously, or may progress to cervical cancer.

circinate balanitis

A form of skin inflammation around the penis in men with Reiter's syndrome.

cirrhosis

scarring of the liver.

claudication

A cramp-like pain in a muscle, most often in the legs, due to inadequate blood supply.

cleft palate

A split in the upper lip and/or the palate that is present at birth.

CLL

An abbreviation for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, a type of leukaemia resulting in high levels of mature but abnormal cells called lymphocytes in the bloodstream.

clot

Blood that has coagulated, that is, has moved from a liquid to a solid state.

clotting factor

A substance that can undergo a cascade of reactions in certain conditions, leading to the clotting of blood. Also known as coagulation factor.

clotting factors

A group of substances that can undergo a cascade of reactions in certain conditions, leading to the clotting of blood. Also known as coagulation factors.

clotting studies

A group of laboratory tests used to establish how quickly and well blood clots (coagulates).

clubbing

Thickening of the ends of the fingers occurring in several diseases

cluster headache

A type of frequent headache that recurs regularly in clusters, with pain-free intervals in between, and is associated with a runny nose (rhinitis) and increased tear production

CML

An abbreviation for chronic myeloid leukaemia, a type of leukaemia that affects all the blood cells except the lymphocytes and progresses relatively slowly if left untreated.

CNS

central nervous system

coagulation factor

A substance that can undergo a cascade of reactions in certain conditions, leading to the coagulation of blood. Also known as clotting factor.